Based on current evidence supporting the use of Omega-3 fatty acids (preferably DHA and EPA) to lower blood pressure (BP), researchers conducted a dose-response meta-analysis to describe the effects of DHA+EPA supplementation and dietary enrichment on blood pressure levels through a review of the most recent literature.

The analysis showed that there appeared to be a “J” type nonlinear relationship between DHA+EPA dose and blood pressure reduction in the overall group or in most subgroups (see figure below).

According to the overall dose-response analysis, DHA+EPA intake at 2 g/d-3 g/d was associated with the greatest changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). At an intake of 2 g/d, subjects had a mean reduction in SBP of 2.61 mm Hg and a mean reduction in DBP of 1.64 mm Hg. At an intake of 3 g/d, subjects had a mean reduction in SBP of 2.61 mm Hg and a mean reduction in DBP of 1.80 mm Hg.

In a subgroup analysis, a stronger and approximately linear dose-response relationship was found in hypertensive, hyperlipidaemic, and older populations (≥ 45 years).

In summary, a daily intake of 2–3 g of Omega-3 fatty acids (DHA+EPA) was found to be most effective in lowering blood pressure. An intake of Omega-3 fatty acids above the recommended 3 g/d may be associated with additional benefits in lowering blood pressure in populations at high risk for cardiovascular disease.

Zhang, X., Ritonja, J. A., Zhou, N., Chen, B. E., & Li, X. (2022). Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Intake and Blood Pressure: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of the American Heart Association, 11(11), e025071. [Link]